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Analýza vztahu mezi veřejným financováním a vzděláváním: komparace Filipín, Malajsie a Thajska
Štursová, Kateřina
Providing high-quality education for everyone has been one of the principal objectives of development in the 21st century since education may be linked to the increase in the living standards and social development. In this thesis, the variable of education in the 21st century has been investigated within the period of 2010–2019 amid the era of two UN international programmes: Education for All (EFA) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The analysis was dedicated to three countries of Southeast Asia: Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. Although the overall quality of education ranked low compared to other countries in the examined period, between 2% to 6% of GDP had been invested in education in the three analysed countries. The relationship between the government expenditures and enrolment to school served as the main inquired variable. A week relationship between the variable of financing and enrolment was then identified in Thailand and, by contrast, a strong relationship emerged in connection to the university level of education in the Philippines. A direct dependence, and thus a relationship exhibiting a growth of expenditures alongside the rise in enrolment, occurred only in Thailand in 2010–2014.
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Yield Curve Dynamics and Fiscal Policy Shocks
Kučera, A. ; Kočenda, Evžen ; Maršál, Aleš
We show that government spending does play a role in shaping the yield curve which has important consequences for the cost of private and government financing. We combine government spending shock identification strategies from the fiscal macro literature with recent advancements in no-arbitrage affine term structure modeling, where we account for time-varying macroeconomic trends in inflation and the equilibrium real interest rate. We stress in our empirical macro-finance framework the importance of timing in the response of yields to government spending. We find that the yield curve responds positively but mildly to a surprise in government spending shocks where the rise in risk-neutral yields is compensated by a drop in nominal term premia. The news shock in expectations about future expenditures decreases yields across all maturities. Complementarily, we also analyze the effect of fiscal policy uncertainty where higher fiscal uncertainty lowers yields.
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IMPACTS OF THE SOCIAL REFORM OF 2011 ON THE FOLLOW-UP DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Salačová, Kateřina ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Prudká, Šárka (referee)
The thesis deals with the 2011 social reform implemented by the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs of the Czech Republic. Initially, the various reform steps are analyzed. Developments in the evolution of change are monitored since their introduction to 2015 and then the financial and social impacts of individual changes are examined. The primary goal of the social reform was to increase the efficiency of the public funds spent on the social benefits system and their overall reduction. The main output of the work is the realization that this goal was not fulfilled, on the contrary there was the depletion of funds in the net amount of CZK 10.77 billion. Research has also shown that individual changes have had a negative impact on the lives of the people concerned. In conclusion, the reform is monitored in the context of the necessity of its implementation and related to the previous large reforms that took place in the Czech Republic.
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Expenditures on active and passive labour market policies in CR between 1993 and 2014
Vrátná, Barbora ; Kubelková, Karina (advisor) ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyses expenditures on active and passive labour market policies (ALMP and PLMP) and to answer the question why there were changes in the proportion of expenditures on ALMP and PLMP in Czech Republic between 1993 and 2014. Thesis also aims to asses future (post-crissis) development of the expenditures on state labour market policy. The theoretical part of this work examines state employment policy and its division into ALMP and PLMP, focusing on Czech Republic and ALMP tools. The practical part of this thesis analyses both absolute and relative terms expenditures on ALMP and PLMP between 1993 and 2014 and puts them into relation with unemployment and GDP, with government objectives and other important facts (EU entry). The total amouth of expenditures on state labour parket policies has been rising since 1993. The proportion of expenditures on ALMP and PLMP was going through significant changes and the role of ALMP increases in time. Nevertheless, the average value of expenditures on PLMP for the entire period is almost twice the average expenditure on ALMP.
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Fiscal Discretion in the Czech Republic in 2001–2011: Has It Been Stabilizing?
Ambriško,Róbert ; Augusta, Vítězslav ; Hájková, Dana ; Král, Petr ; Netušilová, Pavla ; Říkovský, Milan ; Soukup, Pavel
We survey discretionary measures of Czech fiscal policy in the period 2001–2011 and analyze their episodes and macroeconomic impacts. We use bottom-up and top-down methods to identify fiscal discretion and we compare the results with Kalman filtering. Fiscal discretion is found to be used frequently and to be large in several years. At the same time, the results signal that macroeconomic stabilisation has not been major aim of fiscal discretion measures. For example, in the years of economic recession 2010–2011, the government put emphasis on pro-cyclical consolidation.
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State balanced budget rule under conditions of the Czech republic
Doležal, Ondřej ; Ryvolová, Ivana (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Pavel (referee)
The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to analyze if the Czech Republic offers sufficient institutional environment to fight state budget deficit, or if it should adopt a "balanced budget rule" which would create such an environment. The thesis presents both a theoretical concept of a balanced budget rule and legislative proposals for its adoption in the Czech Republic. The thesis also deals with existing balanced budget rule in different states of the United States of America and in Switzerland. The institutional environment is then compared to two groups of EU member states running different budget policies between 1998 and 2007. The first group consists of countries keeping a balanced state budget such as Denmark, Ireland and Finland while the second group contains countries running irresponsible budgetary policies such as the Czech Republic, Italy and Hungary.
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